Abstract This study described the growth, morphometric, biomechanical, and chemical properties of the femur, tibiotarsus, and tarsometatarsus of European and Japanese quail. Analyses were performed at 13 and 15 days of incubation, at hatch, and at 4, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days post-hatch (n=6/subspecies/period). Bone specimens were analyzed by cone-beam computed tomography, biomechanical assays, chemical analyses, and histomorphometry. Variables were fitted by the Gompertz function and its derivative or assessed using the analysis of variance. Analysis of the derivative of Gompertz curves showed that the growth behavior of the tarsometatarsal bone was similar between quail subspecies, and the femur and tibiotarsus of European quail increased first in width and then in length, whereas the opposite occurred in Japanese quail. There was an interaction between quail subspecies and days of growth on femoral, tarsometatarsal, and tibiotarsal bone densities. Femoral and tibiotarsal cross-sectional areas were influenced by the interaction of quail subspecies and day of growth. Interaction effects were significant for breaking strength and phosphorus percentage. European and Japanese quail have different femoral and tibiotarsal growth patterns, especially in the first few days after hatching, whereas tarsometatarsal growth is similar between subspecies.

Abstract Growth curves have been described in the quail but with no attention to the muscle composing of the breast. The description of the characteristics of growth curves to body weight and to breast muscle was the aim of this study. Morphological development of Musculus supracoracoideus and Musculus pectoralis in European and Japanese quail was assessed from the final incubation of to 35 days. Gompertz models were adjusted with maximum growth rates to body weight, breast weight, and Musculus pectoralis and supracoracoideus weight at 17.6; 22.2; 23.5, and 21.4 days. The European quail had a higher body and breast weight at maturity. Musculus supracoracoideus developed faster in both subspecies but with larger Musculus pectoralis. Both musculus had a greater number of fibers type IIA and largest fibers IIB, with quadratically increasing in fiber diameter with age in both subspecies and muscles. At 35 days, results of meat quality indicated similarity between genders and subspecies, with darker and redness breast meat in Japanese quail. In conclusion, breast weight gain was a result of type IIA and IIB fiber hypertrophy in both muscles and, despite the difference in size and aptitude, Japanese and European quail showed similar body and muscle growth patterns.

Background: Different strains of invasive Escherichia coli (E. coli), isolated from intestinal mucosa of patients, are related to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Aim: To evaluate an association between intracellular E. coli and IBD; its clinical characteristics and use of steroids. Material and Methods: Sixty one patients with Crohn's disease and 83 with ulcerative colitis were studied. To determine the intracellular E. coli content, colonoscopy biopsies of these patients and 29 control subjects were processed using the gentamicin protection assay. Differences in the bacterial content between patient groups were evaluated using Mann-Whitney test, while the association between presence of E. coli with endoscopic activity, location/extension and use of corticosteroid as anti-inflammatory treatment were evaluated with Fisher's exact test or Chi-square test. Results: E. coli strains were detected in 36.1, 39.3 and 10.3% of patients with ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and controls, respectively. The number of bacteria per biopsy in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis was significantly higher than in controls (p < 0.01 between patients and controls). In ulcerative colitis, significant associations were found between the presence of bacteria and disease location and use of corticosteroids. In Crohn's disease, no association was found. Conclusions: IBD are associated with the presence of intracellular E. coli strains in the intestinal mucosa, suggesting an alteration in the microbiota or loss of integrity of the epithelial barrier. The association of intracellular E. coli with clinical features and the use of corticosteroids in ulcerative colitis suggests that different factors could promote colonization or proliferation of these bacteria.

La reactividad alérgica frente a Anisakis simplex se ha convertido en un problema de salud pública en muchos países del mundo. En Venezuela, se ha reportado la presencia de mamíferos marinos infectados y se ha evidenciado la presencia del parásito en pescados de consumo masivo procedentes de las zonas costeras de oriente y occidente del país. No obstante, la importancia de este helminto en el desarrollo y severidad de patologías alérgicas no ha sido evaluada en el país. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la reactividad alérgica al An. simplex en un grupo de 144 niños del estado de Nueva Esparta, así como su posible relación con la severidad de asma bronquial y rinitis alérgica. Todos los niños fueron evaluados utilizando un cuestionario socioeconómico validado y modificado de Graffar y un cuestionario validado según los criterios de ARIA (International Consensus Report) para rinitis alérgica, GINA (WHO/NIH Global Initiative for Asthma) para asma bronquial y Hannifin para dermatitis atópica, respectivamente. Se realizaron encuestas para evaluar las principales fuentes de alergenos a los cuales se expone la población de estudio. Se realizó la evaluación física de los niños y se practicaron pruebas cutáneas, así como pruebas de funcionalismo pulmonar. Encontramos un alto porcentaje (45%) de niños con pruebas de piel positiva al An. simplex. Se observó una mayor prevalencia y severidad, de asma y rinitis en aquellos niños con pruebas de piel positivas a An. simplex. Dado que ha sido previamente reportada la reactividad cruzada entre Ascaris lumbricoides y An. simplex, es importante considerar que la alta reactividad encontrada frente al An. simplex pueda deberse a la co-infección por Ascaris. De igual forma, la sensibilización frente a An. simplex, ya sea especifica o por reactividad cruzada existe, lo que sugiere que las autoridades locales deben considerar ciertas medidas preventivas, para evitar el consumo de pescados crudos o posiblemente parasitados con este helminto, que podrían exacerbar la patología respiratoria.

Allergic reactivity to Anisakis simplex has become in a health problem in many parts of the World. In Venezuelan coasts, it has been found infecting marine mammals and also different parasites fishes commonly consumed by human. However, the association of this helminth with the development and severity of allergic reactivity has not been previously evaluated in Venezuela. The aim of this study was to evaluate the allergic reactivity to An. simplex in a group 144 children from Nueva Esparta, state, and its possible relation with bronquial asthma and rhinitis allergic severity. All children were evaluated using a validated socioeconomic questionnaire modified by Graffar, and a validate questionnaire according to ARIA (International Consensus Report) for allergic rhinitis, GINA (WHO/NIH Global Initiative for Asthma) for bronquial asthma and Hannifin for atopic dermatitis. Surveys were performed in order to evaluate the main sources of allergens to which the study population exposes itself. Children physical evaluation and skin prick test were performed, as well as pulmonary function test. We found a high percentage (45%) of children with positive skin prick test to An. simplex. Moreover, a greatest prevalence and severity of asthma and rhinitis, was observed in those children with positive skin prick test to An. simplex. Since it has been reported the presence of the crossed reactivity between Ascaris lumbricoides and An. simplex, it’s important to consider that the high reactivity found to An. simplex might be due to the Co-infection with A. lumbricoides. Nevertheless, the sensibilization to An. simplex, due by specific or by crossed reactivity exists, and it should be considered by local health authorities in order to prevent the exacerbation of the respiratory pathologies mediated by the consumption of fresh fishes potentially infected.

Le cas inusuel d'une femme âgée de 39 ans, ayant subi une arthroplastie totale du genou gauche il y a 20 ans, est présenté. La prothèse avait eu une vie utile ou survie de 15 ans, malgré les grandes exigences et demandes physiques dont elle a été objet. À cause de son " défaut pour usage excessif et usure ", elle a été révisée et réparée, ne résultant utile que pour deux ans et quatre mois de plus. Pendant ce temps, la prothèse a due être révisée et réparée encore deux fois. Grâce aux décisions prises et à tous les procédés réalisés, les résultats cliniques, fonctionnels et radiographiques obtenus, après l'application du Knee Society Scoring KSS, et le niveau de bien-être exprimé par la patiente dans le questionnaire Cincinnati Knee Rating System CKRS, ont été bien gratifiants.

An unusual case of a 39-year-old female patient who underwent total arthrosplasty of the left knee 20 years ago is presented. This arthroplasty showed a useful life or a survival of 15 years, in spite of the fact that she was subjected to great demands and physical solicitudes. Starting from the "failure due to overuse and wasting", revision knee replacement surgery was performed, which was only useful for 2 years and 4 months, a period in which she presented a new prosthetic failure and it was necessary to make 2 more revisions with a late or deferred replacement for second time. The clinical, functional and radiographic results obtained after having applied the Knee Society Scoring KSS and the satisfaction degree (self-perceived health) expressed by the patient in the questionnaire used, Cincinnati Knee Rating System CKRS, made us feel satisfied with our decision and with the procedures carried out.

Se presenta un caso inusual de una paciente de 39 años de edad, a la que hace 20 años se le realizó una Artroplastia total de la rodilla izquierda. Dicha artroplastia presentó una vida útil o supervivencia de 15 años, a pesar de que fue sometida a grandes demandas y solicitudes físicas. A partir del "fallo por sobreuso y desgaste", se le realizó una cirugía de revisión y recambio en un mismo tiempo, útil solamente por 2 años y 4 meses, tiempo en el que presentó nuevamente un fallo protésico y fue necesario realizar 2 revisiones más con un recambio tardío o diferido, en un segundo tiempo. Los resultados clínico-funcionales y radiográficos obtenidos tras haber aplicado el Knee Society Scoring KSS y el grado de satisfacción (salud auto percibida) expresada por la paciente en el cuestionario aplicado de Cincinnati Knee Rating System (CKRS), hace sentir satisfechos a los autores de la decisión y procedimientos realizados.